We used type 1 portland cement in this particular experiment. It is one of the factors that influence concrete mix design since it controls the proportion of sand in concrete mixture. Fineness modulus of fine aggregate sand and sieve analysis duration. The fineness modulus fm of either fine or coarse aggregate according to astm c 125 is calcu lated by adding the cumulative percentages by mass retained on. And for all in aggregates or combined aggregates fineness modulus varies from 3. Apparatus measuring instruments name capacity range size accuracy least count sieve 90 micron mesh balance 10g max. Aug 16, 2017 published on aug 8, 2017 creative head. The fineness modulus is also used to monitor the uniformity of the fine aggregates.
Effect of fineness of cement on concrete properties. Increase in fineness of cement is also found to increase the drying shrinkage of concrete. Finer cement offers a greater surface area for hydration and hence faster the development of strength. Workability of mix is also fixed in range of 45 to 55 mm slump. Effect of clinker free lime and cement fineness on the cement.
Portland cement used for mortar preparation was conforming to the. A sieve analysis or gradation test is a practice or procedure used commonly used in civil engineering to assess the particle size distribution also called gradation of a granular material. Greater fineness of cement means the particles are finer and had more surface area. This implies that the weighted average size of a sieve on which the material is retained is between the third sieve, size 0. This method determines the fineness modulus of concrete fine aggregate used in evaluation of natural and manufactured sands for portland cement concrete. Chapter 12testing of cement part 1 page 61 a bed of cement is prepared in special permeability cell and have exact porosity e 0,500 weight a quantity of cement.
Fineness of cement grinding is the last step in processing measures of fineness specific surface particle size distribution blaines fineness measure of air permeability typical surface areas 350 m2 kg normal cements 500 m2 kg high early strength cements. It is described in astm c 125 and is a single number used to describe a gradation curve. Sieve analysis and fineness modulus sampling since the reason for sampling aggregates is to determine the gradation particle size of the aggregate, it is necessary that they be sampled correctly. Fineness of cement test by using 90 micron is sieve as per. Standard test methods for fineness of hydraulic cement by. Increasing fineness causes an increased rate of hydration, high strength, and high heat generation. A sieve analysis or gradation test is a practice or. The different modifications suggested by several authors are discussed and mix proportions by each method are compared. An empirical factor obtained by adding the total percentages of a sample of the aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves, and dividing the sum by 100. The appropriate range of fineness modulus of the sand aggregate used in normal concrete is 3. How does the fineness modulus of aggregate affect the. The fineness of cement affects hydration rate, and in turn, the strength. Excel sheet for sieve analysis of aggregate and to calculate fineness modulus.
The fineness must be less than 10 % as per is recommendations. The standard deviation of the repeatability is about 0. The results of testing will re ect the condition and characteristics of the aggregate from which the sample is obtained. The proportion of cement of which the grain sizes are larger than the specified mesh size is thus determined. Excel sheet for sieve analysis of aggregate and to. Fineness so we need to determine the fineness of cement by dry sieving as per is. Fineness of is cement expressed in terms of total surface area of unit weight of of cement. It is found out by sieve analysis test of standard size in the laboratory. Crdc10480 method of calculation of the fineness modulus of. The importance of fineness modulus concrete construction.
Since the reason for sampling aggregates is to determine the gradation particle size of the aggregate, it is necessary that they be sampled correctly. It means the average value of aggregate is in between the 2 nd sieve and 3 rd sieve. A detailed experimental program was carried out in order to evaluate the extent to which free lime content in clinker and cement fineness can be tolerated. Standard test methods for fineness of hydraulic cement by air. The fineness modulus of cement is an empirical figure obtained by adding the total percentage of the sample of an aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves, and dividing the sum by 100. Fineness is tells about the particle distribution of cement. Effect of cement fineness on properties of cementitious materials containing high range water reducing admixture article pdf available in journal of green building 121 december 2017 with. Sand aggregate plays a significant role as a skeleton and in passing the stress in concrete. The larger the fineness modulus, the more coarse the aggregate. Experiment 1 test results and discussion in this experiment.
Fineness test of cement and its significance tests on cement. Fineness test of cement is done to determine the particle size of cement. In sieve test, the cement weighing 100 gm is taken and it is continuously passed for 15 minutes through standard bis sieve no. Therefore, lightweight aggregates require a larger percentage of material. Test to check fineness of cement civil engineering. Test results and discussion in this experiment, we are tasked to determine the fineness of the cement. Fineness modulus is generally used to get an idea of how coarse or fine the aggregate is. Fineness test on cement is carried out to check proper grinding of cement. However, it is preferable to have minimum fineness modulus of l4 in case of crushed stone sands and crushed gravel sands and a f. Optimum value of density and other parameters are obtained when fm is 2. Apr 05, 2018 cement fineness test procedure by sieving 90 micron as per is 4031. Fineness modulus of various soil samples in the study area varied from 0. The higher the fm is, the coarser the aggregate is.
The particle size distribution of opc ordinary portland cement and hspc high so3. Concrete mix proportioning by modified fineness modulus method. As the fineness modulus increases the material will tend to be coarser. The fineness of cement is determined by two methods.
A typical fineness modulus for fine aggregate used in pcc is between 2. Pdf effect of cement fineness on properties of cementitious. Revised application of fineness modulus in concrete. Fineness modulus of coarse aggregates and its calculation. The development of the fineness modulus method of concrete mix proportioning is traced from its introduction by abrams in 1918. May 02, 20 overview fineness of cement is measured by sieving it on standard sieve. Some basic and durability properties of cement with varied free lime contents and fineness were considered. The significance of fineness modulus fm is in specifying the proportions of fine and.
For concrete containing no entrained air, there is a slight decrease in the static modulus of elasticity at 28 days age as the fineness is increased. The principle of this is that we determine the proportion of cement whose grain size is larger then specified mesh size. Effect of fineness of sand on the cost and properties of. Fineness modulus of aggregate is an index number which gives an idea about the finance of aggregate and is an approximate proportion of the average size of particle in the aggregate. In case of very coarse cement, under some conditions it can cause a serious bleeding problem on some construction projects. As, the rule of thumb, the finer the cement particle the best will be the cement and on the other hand the coarser the particle it will not be that good. Manual performance quality us department of itansportation federal highway administration office of engineering b fineness modulus purpose of procedure the fineness modulus is an.
The fineness of cement influences the drying shrinkage of concrete. Specific requirements of ordinary portland cement for manufacture of railway sleepers, designated as 43s grade cement, are given in 5. Therefore, fineness modulus of aggregate cumulative % retained 100 275100 2. Fineness modulus of coarse aggregate varies from 5. Fineness modulus is an empirical factor obtained by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of the standard sieves ranging from 80 mm to 150 micron and dividing this sum by 100. The fineness modulus fm is an empirical figure obtained by adding the total percentage of the sample of an aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves, and dividing the sum by 100. The modulus of elasticity of concrete determined by sonic methods decreases as the fineness of the cement increases.
Test method a is the reference test method using the. It was found that as the fineness modulus of copper slag increased, the compressive strength value of concrete in which cement was partially replaced by copper. It is based on th e summation of the percentages of material passing the fineness modulus sieves and is determined by dividing this result by 100, and subtracting from 10. The particle size fraction below 3 microns has been found to have the predominant effect on the strength at one day while 325 micron fraction has a major influence on the 28 days strength. Different cements are ground to different fineness. Aug 14, 2019 fineness modulus of aggregate is an index number which gives an idea about the finance of aggregate and is an approximate proportion of the average size of particle in the aggregate. Fineness modulus is generally used to get an idea of how coarse or fine the. Indian standard ordinary portland cement, 43 grade. Fineness modulus of fine aggregate txdot designation. How to check quality of cement on site fineness test of cement. Chapter 2 sieve analysis and fineness modulus sampling. The fineness of grinding has increased over the years.
Fineness modulus is defined as the sum of the cumulative percentages retained on specified sieves. Test method a is the reference test method using the manually operated standard blaine apparatus, while. The significance of fineness modulus fm is in specifying the proportions of fine and coarse aggregates when designing concrete mixes. To determine the fineness of cement by dry sieving. Both medium sand and coarse sand spiked with some fine sand coarse. To determine the grading of aggregate and fineness modulus of coarse and. For aggregates used in pcc, another common gradation description for fine aggregate is the fineness modulus. Influences of chemical composition and fineness on the. To determine the fineness of the cement, we have used the sieve analysis method. Since mix with so different fineness modulus of sand, will result in different water demands, so watercement ratio is kept constant and to adjust. The importance of fineness modulus download the pdf version of this article. Fineness test of cement procedure and importance fineness test of cement as per is. Jan 06, 2018 fineness of cement is a characteristic property of cement that signifies the particle size of cement and its specific surface area.
It means the average aggregate size is in between 0. Cement fineness test procedure by sieving 90 micron as per is 4031. Sep 01, 2014 fineness modulus is an empirical factor obtained by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of the standard sieves ranging from 80 mm to 150 micron and dividing this sum by 100. It is important the fineness modulus is within the acceptable range of. For the purposes of this test fine aggregate is defined as that material that passes the 318 inch sieve. Apparatus a standard balance with 100 gm, weighing capacity. To differentiate it with normal grade, 43s grade shall be marked on the bagspackages for such cement in place of 43 grade.
The cement of good quality should have less than 10% of wt of cement particles larger than 90 m. Fineness modulus of cement by dry sieving the constructor. Effect of clinker free lime and cement fineness on the. Effect of fineness of sand on the cost and properties of concrete.
Now because density vary with particle size, and also the void spaces inside the concrete is a function of aggregate size, it is very i. Crdc10480 method of calculation of the fineness modulus. Fineness of cement is a characteristic property of cement that signifies the particle size of cement and its specific surface area. What is fineness modulus of sand fine aggregate and. When the fineness of combined aggregate is expressed in terms of fineness modulus instead of as gravelsand ratio, a single determination of opti mum fineness serves for all reasonable gradations of fine or coarse aggregates of a given type and maxi mum size.
Fineness modulus also affects the density of concrete. The thumb rule is lower the fineness modulus, particles are smaller and higher the fineness modulus, particles are larger. The optimum value of strength can be taken when workability of concrete is also good. More the value of fm more coarser the aggregate is. Fineness of cement particles may be determined either by sieve test or by permeability apparatus test. Nov 03, 2017 how to check quality of cement on site fineness test of cement.
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